Georgian Academy of Sciences
              

The Commission studying Productive forces
and natural resources at the Presidium
of Academy of sciences of Georgia

( address: Paliashvili st. 87,  Tbilisi 380062. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected])

MAIN DATA BASE OF NATURAL RESOURCES


ØÀÒÈÖËÉ

Solid mineral resources of Georgia

Coal

 Black coal layers sum - 7, among them
 Brown coal layers - 2

 Reserves   

Prognosis resources

 444.5 million tons                           

   385 million tons

 Perspective coal area sum - 7  

Prognosis resources 

  360 million tons 

Quality composition: 

            

Black Coal:

Brown Coal:

ashen.......................9.09-40.37 % ashen...............................14-45 % 
carbon..............................72-90 % carbon........................60.5-74.6 %
volatile agents.................30-50 % volatile agents.................38-65 %
sulphur contents........0.41-2.37 % sulphur contents average....2.5 %

calorific..............12.6-29.3 MJ/kg
                         3000-7000 kcal/kg

calorific................9.1-23.5 MJ/kg
                        2180-5615 kcal/kg
humidity..........................1-11.9 %

humidity............................7-22 %        

Black metals
Iron

Iron ore's layers - 3          
Iron ore's display till 60

Iron ore's reserve

Prognosis  resources

11.8 million tons

   501,5 million tons

Iron's contain in ore 16 - 43 %  

M a n g a n e s e

Manganese ore's layers - 3

perspective areas - 3

Reserve   

 Prognosis resources

353.1 million tons 

110   million tons

Manganese contain in ore 21-45 %.

COLOUR AND RARE METALS

Colour metals

Copper

Copper-complex ores layers - 5; 

Perspective areas - 13

Copper ore's reserve

Prognosis resources

  59.44 million tons     

  63 million tons

Copper contain in ore - 1-1.4 %.
Accompanying components:  barite, zincplumbum,gold,   

 
silver, cadmium, selenium,
tellurium, molybdenum.

            Plumbum and Zinc
Plumbum's and Zinc's ore layers - 6

Ore's reserve   

       Prognosis resources

    18.3 million tons

         20.2 million tons

Contain in ore:    

 gold,cadmium,silver,
germanium, gallium.

    Rare metals

    Arsenic

Arsenic's layers - 2

Ore's reserve      

                         Prognosis resources

  0.46 million tons   

                Unexplored
Arsenic's contain in ore 1-40 %.

       Antimony

Antimony's layers - 1

Ore's reserve   

                        Prognosis resources

  0.342 million tons     

                        0.208 million tons
Antimony contain in ore - 6-12 %.

           Mercury
Mercury's layers - 2

Ore's reserve 

                       Prognosis resources

  1.304 million tons 

                 0.8 million tons
Mercury's contain in ore - 0-3 %.
 

Mining chemical raw materials

B a r y t e s

Baryte's layers - 4
Ore's reserve   

                     Prognosis resources

  22.2 million tons                          23.7 million tons
Baryte's contain in ore - 14-99 %

            C a l c i t e
Calcite's layers - 3
Ore's reserve                           Prognosis resources
  15.7 million tons                           Unexplored

              B e n t o n i c  C l a y
Bentonite Clay's layers - 5
Reserve     

                       Prognosis resources

  17.2 million tons  

                       164 million tons

Accompanying components:

 zeolites, glauconite, quartz.

D i a t o m i t e
Diatomite's layers - 1
Reserve                                  Prognosis resources
  10.4 million tons                          Unexplored

Chemical compound, (%):

 silica - 91-95 
alumina - 0.9-6.16
iron oxide - 0.36-3.19
calcium oxide - 0.19-0.47 
magnesium oxide - 0.06-0.47

T a l k

Talk's layers - 4
Reserve                                Prognosis resources
  2.3 million tons                           Unexplored

Chemical compound, (%): 

silica - 50.2-56.2
magnesium oxide - 26.3-30.3
calcium oxide - 0.2- 1.7
aluminum oxide - 2.7-4.6
iron oxide - 5.2-17.0
nickel - 3.1 - 5.5
water - 0.14 - 0.3

  Z e o l i t e s

Zeolites layers - 2   Perspective layers - 4

Reserve       

Prognosis resources

  32.8 million tons  

  66.8 million tons
Clinoptilolite's contain in ore - 30-95 %.

Chemical compound,(%):

 silica - 40.5 - 60.4
alumina - 10.6 - 15.8
iron oxide - 1.4-2.8
calcium oxide - 4.9-16.6
magnesium oxide - 0.4-3.9
potassium oxide - 0.5-5.5
natrium oxide - 0.3-4.2
water - 11.8-19.2

      A n d e s i t e

Andesite layers - 3 Display in Kazbegis district.

Reserve    

Prognosis resources

  13.0 million tons    

   Unexplored

Contain, (%): 

silica - 58-59
alumina - 17-19
iron oxide - 5-7
calcium oxide - 6 
magnesium oxide - 0 - 2
potassium oxide - 0-1
natrium oxide - 3-4 
Fire resistance of structures - 1100-1150oC 

      M i n e r a l  c o l o u r

Mineral colour layers - 5 

Display - 250

Reserve      

Prognosis resources

  0.587 million tons  

   2.66 million tons

Contain, (%):  

iron oxide - 11-77.7
oil capacity - 28-40

S e m i-p r e c i o u s   s t o n e s

Semi-precious stones (agate, obsidian, opal-petrified tree, diabase breccia)

layers - 6

Reserve (on the 3 layers) 

           Prognosis resources

  31.8 thousand tons   

              are not counted 

Non-ore raw materials for metallurgy

D o l o m i t e

Dolomite layers - 2

Reserve     

Prognosis resources

  87 million tons   

   Unexplored
Contain: magnesium oxide - 17-21 %

F l u x  r a w  l i m e

Flux raw lime layers - 4 Prognosis resources
Reserve      Unexplored
  62.5 million tons  
Contain: calcium oxide - 54-55 %

R e f r a c t o r y  c l a y

Refractory clay layers - 1
Reserve Prognosis resources
  2.0 million tons      Unexplored
Heat resistance - 1700-1730oC

C h a l c e d o n y

Chalcedony layers - 1
Reserve   Prognosis resources
  3.5 million tons         Unexplored
Contain: silica - 96-98 %
Heat resistance - 1730-1750oC

Natural building materials.

1. Decorative stones layers -  61     reserves  215.4 million m3.
2. Wall-stones layers -  13      reserves    37.4 million m3.
3. Lime layers for lime production -25   reserves  163.1 million m3.
4. Sand and gravel layers - 77      reserves  661.2 million m3.
5. Quarts-feldspar sands layers - 14      reserves  131.2 million m3.
6. Clay for brick layers -53        reserves 114.1 thousand tons.
7.Raw for cement layers -6  reserves 256.6 thousand tons.
8.Building stones layers - 66          reserves 456.1 million m3.
9.Light captuies for concrete layers -16       reserves 196.2 thousand tons.
10.Gips and natural clay gypsum layers -7 reserves 20.7 thousand tons.
11.Limes and resembling chalk layers-1       reserves 4 thousand tons.
12.Roofing shale's layers -1  reserves  4.2 thousand tons.

 Mineral waters

        There are about 2000 mineral springs in  Georgia, among them 1700 have natural mouth. 
        Daily debit of mineral waters - 130 thousands m3. 18 kinds of mineral waters are poured.
        The 32 health resorts function on base of mineral waters. 
        600 mouths and bore holes are characterized with free educe of carbon dioxide.
        Carbon dioxide contain - 97-100 %. 

Geothermal waters

Prognosis reserves - 220-250 million m3/year
Thermetic layers all area - 22450 km2.
Prognosis debit - 570-580 thousand m3 daily.
Confirmed reserves - 100 thousand m3 daily.

Layers location:

West Georgia - Gali's, Ochamchire's, Hobi's, 
                     Zugdidi's, Senaki's, Honi's, 
                     Samtredia's districts,
                     towns: Kutaisi, Poti, Gagra.

East Georgia -  Ahaltcihe's, Gori's, Hashuri's,
                     Marneuli's,Gardabani's, Telavi's, 
                     Lagodehi's, Gurdjaani's districts,
                     town Tbilisi.

Thermetic Waters potential is on 23 layers,
All heat     -     426 thousands Gcal/year
                      105 thousand tons relative firing.

Hydro power resources

River's  theoretical power - 15,6 million kW.
Appropriate annual potential energy - 137 milliard kW.h.

Technical hidroenergetic resources: 
   Large and middle river's annual energy - 85 milliard kW.h.
   Small rivers annual energy- 7.5 milliard kW.h.

Hydro energetic potential:

  Large rivers - 50 % p>100 thousands kW
  Middle rivers - 35 % 2?p<100 thousands   kW 
  Small rivers - 15 % p<2 thousands kW

Wind's energy

Wind's energy theoretic layers is 1.3.1012 kW.h per year.
In the districts where wind's average  per year speed is more then 4 m per second, wind's annual technical reserve of energy is 4-5 milliard kW.h.

Sun energy

Theoretical quantity of sun energy fit on Georgia area - 1014 kW.h or 34 milliard tons relative firing. 
With the help of sun collectors 1/1000 area may receive annual energy - 7 million tons relative firing.
From 1m2 - 700-850 kW.h.

Soil resources

Geographical features of Georgia

1. The principles of division of soil-climatic zones in connection of their agricultural utilization (5 soil-climatic zones are divided):
              1) The warm-humid Subtropical
              2) The warm-dry Subtropical
              3) The moderate-warm,mountain-forest
              4) The moderate-warm, mountain-steppe
              5) The moderate-cold mountain-meadow
       -must be recultivated - 7,5 thousands ha

2. The characterization of soil-climatic zones. The spreading of main types of soils.

3. The quantitative and qualitative characterization of agricultural lands:

- 2983.9 thousands ha, i.e. 42 % of the whole territory are cultivated.

- 1142.1 thousands ha of lands are used intensively.

- The arable lands (pastures and hayings) - 1841.8 thousands ha

- The Subtropical lands - 32059.5 km2, i.e. 46.1 % country's territory.

4. The main directions of national utilization and protection of soil resources

- Soil protection from erosion - 673.2 thousands ha of agricultural lands under erosion.

- Soil protection from melioration - the amount of meliorative lands - 554.5 thousands ha.

- Soil protection from salinization - 205 thousands ha of lands are sallied.

- Recultivation of broken lands, must be recultivated - 7,5 thousands ha.

- Soil protection from contamination.

Timber resources

The national lands of forests - 3000 ha.
The Timber resources - 420 million m3

38.5 % of country's territory is covered by forests.
from this amount:
                               30 % is covered by mature and overmature forests;
                               15 % by undermature forests;
                               48 % by middle-aged forests;
                                 7 % by young forests.

The total amount of forest lands and timber resources,(%)

Forest lands   Timber resources
- The hard-leaf forests   66  63
- The coniferous forests 19     30
- The soft-leaf forests    7     3
- The other forests   5   3

22 % of forest lands are covered by forests of I–II bonitas
45 % - by forests of III bonitas
24 % - by forests of IV bonitas
9 % - by forests of V, Va, Vb bonitas

The amount of timber resources on 1 ha of forest is 177 m3.
The amount of timber resources on 1 ha of mature and overmature forests is 260 m3.
The total amount of average accretion of the country's forests is 3.9 million m3.

Water resources

1. The characterization of natural waters of Georgia

 
1.1. The surface water resources
      - The total amount of rivers is more then 26 thousands.
      Their totals length is about 59 thousand km.
      The average coefficient of river net density is 0.85 km/km2.
      -The total glacial area is 513 km2. 23.8 km3 of water is accumulated in them.
      - There are 850 lakes in Georgia. The total lake surface in 170 km2. Lake water  resources are 0.7 km3.   97.3 % of lake water is fresh.
      - Bogs and marshlands are located in Kolheti lowland, with water supply of 1.89 km3.
      - There are 45 water reservoirs with total regulated flow of 4.423 km3.
1.2. The distribution of water resources mainly by river basins
1.3. The distribution of water resources by administrational regions
1.4. The underground fresh water resources are 18 km3.
2.   The water balance of Georgia by regions, vertical zones and river basins
      - The total amount of precipitation's in an year is 98.4 km3 (1418 mm)
      - The total amount of evaporation in an year is 40.9 km3 (589 mm)
      - 57.5 km3 (828 mm) of river streamflow is formed every year.
      - The transit streamflow from bordering territories is 9.4 km3.
      - The subsurface streamflow in rivers is 17.25 km3 (251 mm)in an year.
3. The possibility of filling in the water resources by the influence on natural processes
4. The present level of utilization of water resources and the prospects.
On 1km2 of territory of Georgia is formed 810 thousand m3 of water in average.
The sufficiency of water supply on per capita is 12.47 thousand  km3 in average.
4.1. The water supply of irrigational agriculture.
4.2. The water supply of municipal economy.
4.3. The water supply of industry.
4.4. The water supply of agriculture and moistureing of pastures.
4.5. The balance of water economy by administrative regions. 
5. The influence of water economy on the elements of water balance environment.
6. The protection of water resources 
    The protection of water objects from pollution
7. The water economic measures to increase water resources

                   Recreational resources

1. Touristic-recreational regions and their characterization.
   There are 11 recreational regions in Georgia:
   Abhazeti, Adjara, The Central Black Sea-Shore, Kutaisi, Svaneti, Racha, Tbilisi,
   Borjomi - Surami, The East-Caucasian, Kaheti, Samtsxe-Djavaheti.

2. According to 1990 there were 133 sanatoriums and boarding houses, 77 rest houses, 87 rest and 97 touristic bases and other recreational places in Georgia. In total there   were 509 rest objects in Georgia with total bed-fund of 118 thousands. Only 20% potential capacity of recreational resources are used now.

 
 
 

 please, for additional information send  to:
  I. Tsintsadze      [email protected]  and

  I. Qashskashvili                  [email protected]