Geography-Geological Department of
the Tbilisi State University
Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of geography
of Georgian Academy of Sciences
THE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONIC CONFERENCE
NATURAL POTENTIAL OF THE MOUNTAINOUS TERRITORIES: SITUATION, PROBLEMS,
PROSPECTS
Internet/E-mail discussion 25.05 –
25.07.2003
WATER POTENTIAL OF THE RIVERS OF NEPAL
Binod Shakya
Research
Associate The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Israel [email protected]
Central Department of Hydrology
and Meteorology, Tribhuvan University, Katmandy, Nepal
Physiographically, Nepal can be divided
into three parts: the high Himalayas in the north, the hill and mountain slopes in the centre and the plain in the
south at elevations below 300 m. Extremely varied topography within a small
width ranging from 145 to 241 km influences the orographic uplifting, extreme
weather conditions and snow melt contribution. The surface water resources
potential is approximately about 198.2 km3/year.
Fig. 1. Transhumance grazing land
above the tree line
(m.Bhairabkund Lekh, 4360m)
In Nepal, most floods occur during
monsoon season due to heavy spell of rainfall. Every, year there is evidences
of damages in the hydro-structure and local inhabitants due to monsoon
catastrophic storms within Nepal So, for the safety purposes, the estimation of
average depth of PMP is utmost important in the country,
There are many publications on
procedures and practical applications regarding estimation of PMP Some
guidelines and procedures were described by WMO publications, American USGS
publications etc. There are no definite rules for estimation of PMP but hydro-
meteorological method seems to be more reasonable,
The significance of precipitation
for hydraulic designs in Nepal was realized in mid 1930s. There are almost 375
meteorological stations in operation in Nepal, but unfortunately, few stations
have automatic rain gauges.
The paper gives the new approach for
the estimation of PMP of specified period within Nepal. The analysis is based
on the storm data of the monsoon months. The most effective and extreme
rainfall events within Nepal have been considered for the storm analysis. The
digital elevation model of Nepal, software such as geographical information
system (Arc View) has been intensively used for the extreme rainfall
distribution and Depth Area Duration analysis. Further, the moisture
maximilization factor has been worked out for Nepal.
The purpose of this study is
preparation of guideline of PMP for probable maximum flood for Nepalese rivers.
The extreme rainfall characteristics and topography of Nepal is complex. The
studies on climate and topography have been carried out for the regional PMP
and estimation under the study areas.
The groundwater resources have not been fully assessed. The paper
focuses on causes of high rainfall and water potential of different types of
river of Nepal.
ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ВОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ НЕПАЛА
Бинод Шакиа
Исследоваельская Ассоциация кафедры почвоведения и
гидрологии факультета сельского хозяйства Еврейского Университета в Иерусалиме,
Израиль, binod@agri.huji.ac.il
Центральный Департамент
Гидрологии и Метеорологии Трибхуанского Университета, Катманду, Непал
С позиции физической географии территорию Непала можно подразделить на три
основные части: высокогорный район Гималайских гор на севере, холмисто-среднегорныйрайон
центральной части страны и равнинненые территории (с небольшими, до 300м,
возвышенностями) на юге. Резко изменяющаяся в крайне узкой (от 145 до 241 км)
полосе топография местности оказывает огромное влияний на характер орографии,
экстремальность погодных условий и определяет роль талых снегов в формировании
водного баланса. Значение величины потенциальных водные ресурсы поверхности
суши данной территории составляет приблизительно 198.2 км3/год.
Ресурсы грунтовых вод пока-что полностью не оценены. В статье делается акцент
на причинах высокого количества осадков и их роли в формировании водного
потенциала различных речных бассейнов Непала.